COLOGNE
243 aircraft - 90 Halifaxes, 85 Wellingtons, 68 Stirlings. 9 aircraft - 3 of each type - lost, 3.7 percent of the force.
The Pathfinder marking was again based on sky-markers dropped by H2S but it was only of limited success. 218 aircraft claimed to have bombed Cologne but local records suggest that less than 50 aircraft hit the target, mostly in the western districts. 2 industrial, 2 agricultural and 97 domestic premises were destroyed. 51 civilians were killed and 135 injured and 25 French workers died when their barracks at an old fort on the western outskirts of Cologne were bombed.
MILAN
142 Lancasters of 1, 5 and 8 Groups attacked Milan and carried out concentrated bombing in good visibility. Fires could be seen from 100 miles away on the return flight. No report is available from Milan.
Italian defences were usually weak and only 2 Lancasters were lost on this raid. An unusual story is available, however, about a Lancaster of 101 Squadron, which was attacked by an Italian CR42 fighter just after bombing the target. The Lancaster was set on fire and the two gunners were both seriously injured, although they claimed to have shot down the fighter. The pilot, Sergeant I. H. Hazard, had to dive 8,000 ft to put out the fire and 1 member of the crew mistook instructions and baled out. The remainder of the crew completed the extinguishing of the fire, tended the wounded and eventually reached England. The only officer in the crew, Pilot Officer F. W. Gates the wireless operator, was awarded the Distinguished Service Order and Sergeant Hazard and the other members of the crew who helped to bring the Lancaster home all received Conspicuous Gallantry Medals, an unusually high number of awards of this decoration.
Sergeant Hazard died with his flight engineer and navigator when their Lancaster crashed in a flying accident in Yorkshire less than a month after the Milan incident, and Pilot Officer Gates died when the Lancaster in which he was flying, with another crew, crashed when returning from Dortmund on
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23 Bostons attacked Dunkirk harbour, claiming hits on ships, and 12 Mosquitoes bombed railway workshops at Tours. No aircraft lost.
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Minor Operations
6 Oboe Mosquitoes bombed Essen, Rheinhausen and the German night-fighter airfield at St-Trond; a map from Essen shows that bombs were dropped on the southern part of the Krupps factory. 4 Stirlings laid mines in the River Gironde and 2 O.T.U. Wellingtons dropped leaflets over France. No aircraft lost.
